Combined type-writing and computing machine.



J. N. THRNTON.

coI/IBINEII INPE WRITING AND' coNIPIIIING NIIIcNINe.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. |9l3. 1,283,360. Patented 0015.29, 1918. y 10 SHEETS-SHEET l.

I .www MA@ www NGE IIN J. N. THHNON,

commen YPE WRIHNG AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICAYION FILEDv MAY 22. l9\3.

Latented Got. 29, 918.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

!. N. THORNTON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND' COMPUTING MACHINE.

' l APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 1913. 1,283,360.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Patented Oct. 29, ISHS.

I. N. THURNION.

COMBINED YPE WRITING AND comPuflNG MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IIIA-Y 22'. I9I3.

Patfanted Oct. 29, 1918.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

I. N. THGRNTGIIl COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. |913.

Patented Got. 29, 1918.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND coIvIPuIING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 1913.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

l. N. IHORNTON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. I9I3.

1,283,860. Patented oet.29,1918,

J. N. THORNTON.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1313. 1,283,360. I Patenfed 0M. 29, IMS..

l0 SHEETS-SHEET B.

x m'km @gm s co. wmumo.. mxnmcmu J. N. THORNTQN. COMBINED TYPE WRITING ANTI COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. |913.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

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I. N. THORNTON. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. I9l3f 1,283,360. Patented 0@I.29,1918.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET I0.

o WCE@ ou@ 0 @y @NN .EN ww Num. www. MNM. www Mk I --.----irlii h. Nw ...W AN @In @www uw mwm mw Nllllll STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

JOI-IN N. THORNTON, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO UNDER/WOOD COMPUTING MACHINE COMPANY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., A

CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMBINED TYPE-WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

Application lecl May 22, 1913.

T0 all whom t may concern.'

Be ity known that I, JonN N. THORNTON, a citizen of the United States, residing in Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of N ew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Typellfriting' and Computing lvlachines, of which the following' is a speciiication.

This invention relates to a combined typewriting' and computing' machine of the Underwood-Hanson type and more especially to means for automatically setting' the machine for siibtraction at predetermined points in the travel of the typewriter carria ge, and is an improvement on an applica tion of Hans Hanson, No. 626,550, liled May ll, 191]..

In this type of machine the numbers to be computed are accumulated by a setting-up of individuals of a nest of pins by a method of cross selection to correspond with the particular' numeral keys struck and to the particular denominational columns in which they are struck. The numbers thus accumulated are run up by the actuation of a general operator which moves all of the pinbearing' members distances corresponding` to the particular pins set up thereon, so as to transfer the numbers to associated dial or computing' wheels.

I n subtraction, the complementary method is used; that is to say, instead of directlyrotating` the computing wheels in the reverse direction an amount corresponding' to the numeral keys struck, they are rotated in the same direction an amount equal to the complement of the numbers Correspendingl to the numeral keys struck. To do this, the pin-setting' mechanism is transposed, so that instead of setting up a pin corresponding to the numeral key struck, a pin corresponding' to the complement of the numeral key struck, using' nine as the base or measure, is set up. Of course, if the zero key should happen to be struck in any column, it is essential that the complement thereof, or the 9 pin, should be set up on the pinbearing member in the particular denominational column, so that the associated computing,l wheel will be rotated nine-tenths of a revolution. This condition is anticipated in setting the machine for subtraction, by set- Specieation of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

Serial No. 769,132.

fore any digit of the particular number to be subtracted is accumulated. Then when any digit is accumulated in any particular column that is oth-er than O, and the correspending' pin set, the 9 pin willbe unset.

In this complementary method of subtracting'. it is essential to @give the computing' wheel of lowest denomination, that is, the units or cents wheel, an additional step of revolution, so as to make the units wheel rotate one complete revolution in case 0 was subtracted, and to carry one to the other computing` wheels. That is to say, if we set the machine for subtraction and then subtracted 0 from all of the computing wheels, the 9 pins would remain set up giving all the computing wheels nine-tenths of a revolution, with the exception of the units wheel which would be given a complete revolution, so that'it wouldcarry one to the next computing' wheel, which in turn would carry to the next higher computing wheel, and so on, whereby all of the computingr wheels would be ,Q'iven one complete revolution. It will readily be seen then that the operation is, substantially, giving all the computing' wheels one complete revolution less the value of the particular diggit to be subtracted from each computing wheel` using` nine as the base or measure in obtaining' the complement. The above operation has been accomplished in the past by the manual setting' of a subtraction key by the operative.

In this invention, while still admitting` of manual setting'. it is the intention to relieve the operative of all thought and trouble re- `gardine' the matter and to set the machine for subtraction automaticallj.Y at such points as it is desired to subtract according' to the particular kind of `work being done. For eX- ample, if we are cross-adding' three or more vertical columns of numbers, we may add in the first two and subtract in the third, providing means for automatically setting` the machine for adding and for subtracting' just before the particular colun'lns in which it is desired to add and subtract have been reached. In other words, the travel of the carriage is made use of in automatically determining); the state or character of action of Yhe computing mechanism to correspond with the particular computing action desired at particular points in the travel of the carriage.

Toaccomplish the above, use is made of tappets or stops adjustably mounted Vat variable points on the carriage, which stops may also be used, if desired, for the purpose of tabulating. At leasttwo types of tappets may be used. One type is used solely for addition and another type is used to set the mechanism for a subsequent subtracting action in the next column. The subtraction tappet sets a releaser ready to be engaged at a subsequent movement of the general operator, so as to start in action subtractionsettingmechanism In other words, it in advance of a subtraction column we have accumulated in the nest of pins, a number, which, we will say for the purpose of illustration, it is desired to add in thel series ot' computing wheels, then as the carriage travels either under the influence of the space bar or one of the tabulating keys toward the next or subtraction column, a stop or tappet carried bythe carriage will first actuate a trip which drops the releaser to a position to be in the path of the general operator of V.the computing mechanism on the return 'stroke thereot.

This tappet or stop also actuates a second trip which connects the general operator up to a motor, from which it is normally disconnected, so that the general operator will be given a complete cycle of movements including a back-and-forth stroke, wherein it will run up on the computing wheels, the digits accumulated in the preceding action to add them to any which may already be exhibited by the computing wheels. Then on its return stroke the general operator will engage the previously dropped releaser and actuate the same, so that it disengages a latch which normally prevents the rotation of an auxiliary motor. rlhis motor drives a cam which 4actuates mechanism to set up all the .9 pins and to shift the pin-setting mechanism to a position such that it will set up pins corresponding to the complements of the numeral keys struck. Mechanism is also actuated at the same time togive a superimmerary bar, corresponding to the pin-bearing bars and below the units or cents pin bar, a motion ron the succeeding moven'vent of the general operator, one step in excess of nine points, the extra step of which movement will be added to the amount run up on the units computing wheel by the engagement of a projection or lug on the supernumerary bar with the particular pin set up on the units bar. This then enables all functions necessary to a complementary subtraction action to be brought about automatically by the carriage, so that when the carriage is in a position to have numbers written on the work-sheet, which it is desired to subtract, such as debit items, then the co-mputing mechanism will likewise be in a Vcondition to automatically subtract such numbers.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings- Figure l is a vertical section taken from front to rear of the machine with parts Y anism.

Fig. 4 is a skeleton perspective view illustratmg the automatic means for-connecting the carriage by means of a tappet carried by the carriage, and also showing the means for automatically setting the machine itor subtraction from the carriage by means of a different type of tappet carried by the carriage; the parts being in the positions they would assume subsequent to a subtraction setting and after the error key has been actuated to eliminate the same.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view infelevation showing the latches for the motorV and for the subtraction releaser, illustrating one in its withdrawn position and the other inits effective position.

Fig. 6 is a rear view in elevation with the casing broken away to show the underlying structure.

Fig. 7 is a detail view showing` the relation of the tappets or stops carried by the carriage to the trips and illustrating the sultraction trip in the act of being depressed by one of the tappets or stops to enable a subsequent subtracting action.

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7, with the exception that the motor or addition trip is being depressed to enable the connection of the general operator to the motor so that a complet-e cycle of action of the general operator will take place.

Fig. 9 is a top plan view in detail showing the two trips which cooperate with the tappets or stops carried by the carriage.

Figs. 10, 1l and l2 show three forms ot tappets or stops; the one being capable of cooperating solely with the motor or addition trip; the second cooperating with both the motor trip and the subtraction trip, and

the third merely acting as a tabulating stopV up the gene-ral operator with the motor 'from to rear, taken through the pin-setting mechanism and also through the subtraction-setting mechanism, showing the parts in such relation that they will pertorm a subtracting operation instead of an adding operation, the subtraction setting being not quite completed.

Fig. 15 is a contracted top plan view showing the auxiliary motor shaft and a detail o1 the camming mechanism whereby the machine is set for subtraction.

Fig. 16 is a vertical section taken from iront to rear of the parts shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a vertical section taken from front to rear showing the subtraction-setting mechanism, with the parts in their normal position before the releaser has been dropped to suoli a posit-ion that it can remove the detaining latch from its operative position.

Fig. 1S is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 17 taken at right angles thereto.

Fig. 19 shows the position next succeeding that shown in Figs. 17 and 18 for the subtracting action, in which the releaser has been dropped to the position resting on the general operator, so that it can be actuated at the return movement of the general operator which is just about to start on its forward movement. n

Fig. 2O is a vertical section through the parts as illustrated in Fig. 19.

F ig. 21 is a view of the part-s shown in Figs. 17 and 19, showing that the general operator has been moved forward to permit the releaser to drop into the path of the general operator when it returns.

Fig. 22 shows the general operator returning and engaging the releaser to move the latch to such a position that the motor is free to rotate and thus actuate the subtraction-setting mechanism.

Fig. 23 shows the motor in the act of rotating with the cam driven thereby moving `the subtraction-setting mechanism.

Fig. 24 is a view of the parts shown in Figs. 17 to 23 with the motor at the end oi its movement and brought to rest.

Fig. 25 is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 2-1, showing the next succeeding position with the motor being rewound on a subsequent forward movement of the general operator.

Fig. 2G is a detail section showing the means for connecting the general operator to the main motor.

Fig. 27 is a view taken at right angles to the view illustrated in Fig. 2G along the line -A.

Fig. 28 is a detail rView of the clutch for connecting the motor to the general operator taken at right angles to the view shown inv Fig. 26 along the line B-B- Fig. 29 is a view similar to Fig. 28, with the exception that the clutch has been reeased to enable it to connect the motor shaft in driving relation with the general operator.

Fig. 30 is a horizontal sectional view taken just above the pin-setting linkages and showing the general relation of the pinbars to the computing wheels.

Fig. 31 is an enlarged detail view of the pin-setting` linkages showing the linkages in their adding position.

Fig. 32 is a detail view in elevation with parts broken away to show the underlying structure, illustrating the means whereby the pin-setting linkages are actuated from the numeral keys.

Fig. 33 is a detail view in side elevation of one of the pin-bearing rack bars, showing how the 9 pin is unset in a subtracting operation when some other pin is set.

Fig. 3% is a detail view in elevation of the link which restores the 9 pins, showing the link in its dormant or inactive position.

Fig. 85 is a view similar to Fig. 31, with the exception that the link is shown active in the act of unsetting one of the 9 pins.

Fig. 3G is a detail top plan view showing the relation of the supernumerary bar to the units or cents bar, whereby in the subtracting operation this units `or cents bar is given a movement one step in excess of the movement which it would normally have for the particular pin set up.

Fig. 37 is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 3G taken in elevation and showing the same set for the subtracting operation, whereby the supernumerary bar would give thn units or cents bar an extra step of movement.

Referring more particularly to the separate parts of this invention, as embodied in the form shown in the drawings, 1 indicates numeral keys and 2 character keys, which are mounted on key-levers 3, arranged to rock bell -cranks at and thus swing typebars 5 up rearwardly against the 'front side oi a. platen G, mounted to rotate on a carriage. 7. The carriage 7 has a step-by-step movement controlled at the actuation of each of the numeral keys by an escapement mechanism indicated in general at S. This escapement mechanism includes a rack bar 9, movably mounted on the carriage 7 by means of a` pair of arms 10 pivoted to the carriage. The rack-bar 9 meshes detachably with a. pinion 11 mounted on the saule shaft as aA ratchet. wheel 12, which is controlled in its movement by iixed and movable dogs 13, the latter being oscillated at the. actuation of any or' the character or nuineral keys by means of a universal bar 11, which in turn is actuated by a heel 15a Yformed on each of the type-bars 5.

1n addition to the step-by-step movement oi the carriage 7, provision is made for a jump or tabulating movement. purpose, there are provided tabulating keys For this 15, mounted on key-levers v16, which are pivoted intermediate their ends and support thrust bars or plunger-s 17 at their rear ends. These thrust bars 17 are arranged to be pr jected by their associated keys into the path of.' tap-pets or stops 1S, adjustably mounted on a rack 19 carried by the carriage 7. 'When any one of the tabulating keys 15 is depressed and thus when any one of the plungers 17 is raised, the carriage 7 will be disconnected from the escapement mechanism S by means of a universal lever 20, which engages in a series of notches 21 provided in the plungers 17. This lever-.2O when rocked by one of the plungers 17, pulls down on a link 22, which rocks a lever 23 carrying at its front end a roller1 24, which is arranged to lift the rack-bar 9 out of mesh with the pinion 11.

In addition to actuating the type action of the typewriting mechanism, the numeral keys 1 are arranged to control a pin-setting mechanism indicated in general at 25, which sets pins 26 mounted on a series of bars 27, which are provided at their front ends with racks 23 engaging with pinions 29 for dial or computing' wheels 30 having numbers on their peripheries arranged to be exhibited through la sight opening 31 inthe casing'32 of the computing mechanism. Y

In order that any one of the pins 26 on the bars 27 may be set, the bar carrying the pin must be raised above its fellows, as the pin-setting mechanism 25 has but a limited sphere of action. For this purpose, there is provided on the carriage, a tappet 33, which, during a traveling movement of the carriage, comes successively into engagement with individuals of a series of jacks 34, one for each of the computing wheels 30. These jacks are pivoted intermediate their ends, so that when engaged by the tappet 33, they will be rocked to depress thrust links 35, which are connected to transposition linkages 36, which in turn raise the rack bars 27. The linkages 36 invert the order of actionof the rack bars 27 from that of the jacks 34, so that the progressive movement of the carriage, which travels from right to left, may correspond to the progressive action of the computing which travels from left to right of the computing wheels 30.

The pin-setting mechanism 25 not only sets the pins 2G for addition but is also capable of setting them for subtraction. The particular arrangement and action of the pinset-ting mechanism will now be described.

Referring toFigs. 1, 31 and 32, it will be seen that each of the numeral keys 1 is provided with a thrust link 37, which is .-i-rranged to engage an arm 3S on'a rock shaft 39, there being one of these arms and one of these rock shaft-s for each of the numeral keys from l to 9.

to engage, when the associated arm 35 isV depressed, with the corresponding one of a series of wrist-pins 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, 6W,

7W, SW, and 9W on a series of pin-setting linkages 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, and 9L. Each of these linkages, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 32, comprises an upper reach 40, and a lower reach 41 parallel to the upper reach 40 and connected thereto by a pair of bell crank levers 42 and 43, so that the motion of the reaches 40 and 41 will always be parallel. lThese linkages are held normally in close collapse with the lower reach 41 raised, by means of one or more springs 44. lVhen, however, one of the rock shafts 39 is rotated by theengagement of one of the thrust links 37 with the associated arm 3S, then the lower reach 41 will be depressed to engage and set the corresponding pin 26 on the particularbar 27 which happens to be raised by the action of the tappet 33 engaging one of the jacks 34.

As shown in Fig. 31,the parts are in position for an adding operation. If it is desired to perform a subtracting action by the complementary method, then the parts are moved from the position shown in Fig. 31 to the position shown in Fig. 14. That is to say, all of the rock shafts 39 are mounted to slide in a frame 45 and can be shifted from the Fig. 31 position to the Fig. 14 position, to remove all of the arms 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5AS, 6A, 7A, 8A and 9A out of engagement with the wrist pins 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, 6W,7W, 8W and 9W, at the same time moving a series of arms 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5AS, 6s, 7S and 8S into engagement with wrist'pins 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P, 5P,l 6P, 7 P, and 8P, on the pin-setting linkages 8L, 7L, GL, 5L, 4L, 3L, 2L and 1L, respectively. The arms 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5AS, 6s, 7SV and SS are on the shafts 39 which correspond to their number and the number of the numeral key which actuates these shafts. It will be noted in passing that the arm AS corresponding to the numeral key 5, is used for both addition and subtraction, inasmuch as it lies between theL, and 4L linkages which correspond to the adding of five and the subtracting of five, respectively. There is no subtraction arm provided for the 9 set as the complement of nine is Zero in this system.

In addition to the arms just mentioned, each of the shafts 39 carries a restoring arm indicated successively to correspond with the accordant numeral keys 1R, 2R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R, 7 R, SR and 9R (Figs. 31, 34 and 35), which at the shifting of the rock shafts 39 in the frame 45, are brought into engagement with wrist pins RW on a 9 pin restoring linkyage 46, acting similarly to the linkages 1L,

2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L and 8 1', except that it restores the 9 pins which have been previously set up, as will be described hereinafter. I

The shafts 39 and other cooperating mechanism may be shifted manually for the purpose of affording a subtracting relation o-f the computing mechanism. For this purpose, there maybe provided a subtraction key 47 (Figs. l, 4 and 14), which, when pressed rearwardly against the tension of a spring 48, carries with it a subtraction rod Mounted on the subtraction rod 49, there is a pin 50 engaging between the forks of an arm 5l secured to a rock shaft 52, so as to rock the same and thus swing an arm 53- secured to the shaft 52 and engaging, by means of fork, a pin 54 so as to oscillate an arm 55, which-is secured to a shifter bar 56, pivoted at its upper edge and opposite ends as at 57. The shifter bar 56 extends into a series of alined slots 5S provided in each of the pin-setting rock shafts 39, so that when the subtraction key 47 is thrust rearwardly, it will swing the lower edge of the shifter bar 56 forward and thus shift all of the rock shafts 89 forward to a position such that the arms 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, AS, 6A, 7^, 8A and 9A are shifted out of engagement with their wrist pins 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, 6W, 7W, 8W and 9W, and at the same time the subtraction arms ls, 2S, 3S, 4S AS, 6s, 7S and 8S are shifted into engagement with the corresponding wrist pins 1P, 2P, 3P', 4P, 5P, 6P, TP and 8P. rlhis shifting also brings the pin-restoring arms l, 2R, 3R, &c., into engagement with the wrist pins RN on the pin-restoring linkage 46'. Such an action changes the pin-setting mechanism from a state in which it can set pins corresponding to the numeral keys actuated, to the opposite state in which it will set pins corresponding to the complements of the numeral keys struck, using one less than the exchange value, that is nine, as the base or complete number.

As has been stated above, it is necessary at this time to set all of the 9 pins so that if no number is subtracted in any particular denominational column, the computing wheel will have a chance to rotate a com plete revolution. For this purpose, each of the 9 pins is provided with a reduced portion or neck (Figs. 13. 14 and 333 having shoulders on pposite sides thereof, between which engages one end of a lever 59 pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on the associated pin-bar, as at 69, and projecting rearwardly to a point underlying the lower reach 61 of the pin-restoring linkage 46. That is to say, there is one of these levers 59 for each of the pin-bars 27, engaging the 9 pin thereof so as to be capable of setting it and unsetting it. Each of the levers 59 is provided at its rear end, with a downwardly-projecting tail 62, limiting the restoring motion of the lever when actuated by the pin-restoring linkage 46.

To set the 9 pins at the` actuation of the subtraction key 47 (Figs. l, 4, 13 and 14), there is provided on the subtraction rod 49, a lug or extension 63, which engages the knuckleof a toggle 64, comprising links 65 and 66, so` as to spread this toggle, forcing the free ends of the toggle apart so that the lower link 66v will rock an arm 67 mounted on a shaft 68 and connected to a universal U-shaped frame 69 underlying all of the pinbars 27, so that this frame will be raised to raise all of the pin-bearing bars 27. Simultaneously with the raising of the pin-bearing bars 27, the upper link 65 of the toggle will rock an arm 70, mounted on a shaft 71 and secured to a universal U-shaped frame 72, which overlies all of the 9 pin levers 59 at a point forward of their pivots 60.

It will thus be seen that simultaneously with the raising of the pin-bearing bars 27 by the spreading of the toggle 64, the same action will rock down the universal frame 72 against the tension of a spring 73., so that the forward endsv of all 0f the 9" pin levers 59 are depressed to depress the 9 pins from the dotted-line position shown in F ig. 14 to the full-line position shown in Fig. 14, so that all of the 9 pins will be set to correspond with the nine-step movement of their associated pin-bearing rack bars.

At this time care is taken to provide also foran extra step movement of the units or cents pin-bearing rack bar and its computing wheel. rlhe extent of movement of the rack bars to rotate the associated computing wheels depends upon the particular pins set up thereon, as stated above. The-se pins are engaged by a cross bar 74 on a general operator 75, which is reciproeated in a manner to be described, so that on its forward motion it engages the set pin to force the pin-bearing rack bars forward an amount corresponding to` the particular pins set up, and so that on its rearward motion it will. return the rack bars by engagement with iXed lugs76, one of which is provided on each of' the rack bars.

As will be seen by reference to Figs. 536 and 37, the cross bar 74 of thegeneral operator has a uniform front edge 77,v except that portion which comes into engagement with the set pins on the units or cents bar indicated specifically at 78 in Fig. 36. rlhat is to say, the general operator cross bar 74 has a piece 79 cut out of the front edge thereof, which piece can at times enter its socket SO, in a normal adding operation, so that the units or cents pin-bearing rack bars will 'be given a movement correspondin oto the particular pin set up thereon; or, in other words, the front edge of the cut-out portion 79 will come into alinement with the front edge 77 of the body portion of the general operator cross bar 74.

For a subtracting operation, however, this cutout portion 79 is locatedforward with its front edge one step in advance of the front edge 77 of the general operator cross bar 74, so that it will come into contact with whatever pin happens t0 be set on the units or cents bar 78 one step prior to the engagement of the front edge 77 with the corresponding pin on any of the other pin-bearing rack bars. To maintain this'torward placement of the cut-out portion 79, there is provided a supernumerary bar Sl corresponding to the other pin-bearing rack bars 27, with the exception that it is unprovided with a rack in that it does not rotate any computingwheel directly and unprovided with pins. The supernumerary bar 81, however, carries the cut-out portion 79, so that it will reciprocate with the generaloperator cross bar 74. i

In the normal adding operation, the cutout portion 79 will be overtaken by the general operator cross bar 74 before the front edge 77 comes into engagement with any of the set pins on the pin-bearing rack bars, at which time the front edge of the cut-out portion 79 will be located in alinement with the tront edge of the cross bar 74, so that all the pin-bearing rack bars will be given movements corresponding exactly to the pins set up thereon. At the end of the forward stroke of the general operator cross bar 74, a lug`82. on the supernumerary bar 8l, cor# responding to the lug 76 on the pin-bearing bars, will be located one step to the rear of the bar 74, so that on the return movement of the latter the supernumerary bar 81 and the portion 79 carried thereby will lag be hind the cross bar 74 one step until the latter overtakes it, whereby when the general operator cross bar 74 comes to its home posi tion, the front edge of the cut-out'portion 79 will be located one step in advance of the front edge 77 of the cross bar 74.

As stated ab0ve,'in the subtracting operation it is necessary to maintain the cut-out portion 79 in its advanced position with respect to the general operator cross bar 74. For this purpose, when the 97 pins are set up by the universal frame 72, a trigger V83 pivotally mounted on -the supernumerary bar 81 is forced down from a raised position out ofthe path of the general operator cross bar 74, toa depressed position with a shoul- 'der S4 thereon into the path of the front edge 77 of the general operator cross bar 74, by the engagement of the 9 pin setting universal frame 72 with an 'upwardly-'exV tending linger 85 on the trigger S3. rllhe trigger 83 is held in its two positions o i' ad-l ]ustment by a yielding detent 86 having a spring arm 87 which forces a ball or roller S8 alternately into either one of a pair of sockets S9 and 90 provided in the trigger S3. That is tosay, the ball 88 is located in an opening in the supernumera'ry bariSl andis engaged on one side by the spring` 86 and on the other side by the trigger 83and when one of the sockets 89, 90 comes into register therewith, the ball drops into the socket and holds the trigger 83 in thev particular position of adjustment corresponding to the registering of the particular socket with the ball. The up and down movements oit' the trigger S3 are limited, respectively, by lugs 91 and 92, which overhang the top edge of the supernumerary bar 81 at opposite sides of the pivot of the trigger 88.

It will thus be seen that when the 9 pins are set up for a subtracting operation, the trigger S3 will at lthe same time be depressed to bring its shoulder 84 into the Vpath of the general operator cross bar 74, so that the iront edge of the cutout portion 79 carried by the supernumerary bar 8l, will be maintained one step in advance of the front edge 77 of the general operator cross bar 74, whereby it will come into engagement with the particular pin which happens to be set up on the units or cents bar 78 one step in advance of the corresponding engagement of the front edge 77 with a corresponding pin set up on any of the other pin bearing rackbars 27. This, then, gives to the units or cents wheel a rotation one step in excess ot that which it kwould receive to correspond with the particular pin set up on its associated rack bar. For example, iI" Zero were subtracted in the cents or-V units column then the 9 pin would remain set up and the units or cents wheel would receive a r'otation not only of nine steps but one step in excess thereof, so that it would. be revolved ten steps or a complete revolution in this decimal system, wherebyY one would be carried to the next higher computing wheel.

After these actions have been' accomplished, the substraction bar 49 approaches the end of its motion when it is locked in its set position by a dog 93 engaging a notch 94a in the subtraction bar 49, as in Fig. 2. Before the subtraction bar 49, however, has entirely completed its rearward movement, the toggle 64 is permitted to collapse from its Fig. 14 position to its Figs. 2 and 4 posif tion, so as to remove the universal pin-setting frame 72 and the pin-bar-raising frame G9 out of engagement with the port subservient thereto, so as t0 permit the pin-bars to drop to their normal position, and raise the 9 pin-setting frame 72 clear of the 9 pin levers 59. To accomplish this, the lug or projection G3, which engages the knuckle of the toggle 64, is adjustably mounted on the subtraction rod 49 to admit ot its having a relative movement toward the front with respect to this rod. For this purpose, theV toggle-spreading projection 63 is secured to a slide 94 having a pin-and-slot connection with the subtraction key rod 49 (Figs. 1, 2 and 14).

The slide 94 bearing the lug 63, is normally held in its rearmost position by a latch 90 pivotally mounted at 97, on the subtraction rod 49, and engaging a shoulder 98 provided on the slide 94. The latch 96 is also provided with an upstanding finger or arm 99, arranged to engage, during the final rearward movement of the subtraction rod 49, with an adjustable stop or tripper 100 located in the path of movement of the finger 99. This stop or tripper 100 is shown in the form of a screw adjustably mounted on a iiXed bracket 101, so that the instant of its action can be varied to a nicety. When the finger 99 engages the tripper 100, the nose of' the latch 90 is drawn out of engagement with the shoulder 98, so that the spring 73 is free to act, collapsing the toggle 64 from the position shown in Fig. 14 to the position shown in Fig. 2, forcing the slide 94 forward, raising the universal 9 pin-setting frame 72 out of engagement with the 9 pin levers 59 and also depressing the rack-bar-raising frame 69 from the position shown in Fig. 14 to the position shown in Fig. 1, whereby the pin-bars will assume a normal position ready to receive the accumulation of the number to be subtracted.

On a subsequent return movement of the subtraction key rod 49 under the traction of the spring 48, when the subtraction key rod is released by a movement of the dog 93 out of the notch 94a, then the slide 94 will return to its rearward position with respect to the subtraction key rod 49 by being held against forward movement by engaging with a stationary finger 102, extending downwardly from the frame 45 into the path of a shoulder on the slide 94. The latch 96 will be cammed against the tension of a spring 103 therefor, by a cam surface 104 on the slide 94, until it reaches a position such that the nose thereof will drop back into engagement with the shoulder 98 on the slide 94 when the slide will once more be locked in its rearmost position on the subtraction key rod 49.

At this point the mechanism is in condition to receive the setting-up of pins corresponding to the digits of a number to be subtracted. That is to say, the numeral keys 1 may now be operated so that the digits of a number to be subtracted will be written on the work-sheet carried by the platen 6 and set up in the computing mechanism. The rack bars 27 will be raised sem'att'm, owing t0 the tappet 33 rocking the jacks 34 successively, which in turn raises the rack bars 27 Swim/im above their fellows. As each numeral key is struck, the thrust rod 37 depending therefrom, will rock the associated rock shaft 39, so as to actuate the connected pinsetting linkage, which is now connected for subtraction instead of addition, whereby the i pin corresponding to the complementl of the particular numeral key actuated, using nine as the base, will be set up. At the same time, one of the arms 1R to 9R, corresponding to the particular numeral key actuated, will also be swung, through the rocking of the shaft 39, to engage one of the pins RNV on the 9 pin-restoring 'linkage 4G, so that the lower reach 01 thereof will be depressed against the tension of a spring 105 from the Fig.-34 position to the Figs. and 35 position, such that it will engage with the rear end of the 9 pin lever 59 on the particular pin-bearing rack bar 27 which happens to be raised above its fellows, so that the lever 59 will be rocked to raise the forward end and thus unset the 9 pin on this bar at the setting of another pin thereon.

In the illustration shown in Figs. 33 to 35 inclusive, the digit 3 is being subtracted in the hundreds column, that is to say, in the denomination three points removed from the lowest denomination. Hence, when the numeral key 3 is struck, the arm 3s will rock, so as to swing the pin 3P and thus rock the pin-setting linkage 6L, which, as illustrated in Fig. 33, is depressed to set the G pin on the pin-bearing rack bar 27 corresponding to the third computing wheel from the right or to the hundreds denomination. At the same time, the pin-restoring arm 3R engages the associated wrist pin RV on the pin-restoring linkage 46, so that the lower reach G1 of this linkage is depressed to engage the tail end of the lever 59, thereby raising the forward end so as to unset the 9 pin, that is, raise it to its normal highest position.

This operation is continued for each decimal column until the entire number to be subtracted is accumulated by the setting-up of complementary pins on the pin-bearing rack bars. rlhe machine is then in condition for an actuation of the general operator 75, which on its forward movement will engage all of the set pins and thus rotate all the computing wheels one complete revolution less the digits of the corresponding keys actuated, or, in other words, rotate them forward an amount corresponding to the complements of the numeral keys actuated, with the exception of the units or cents wheel which is rotated one step in excess of the complement accumulated therefor.

In case the 9 key should happen to be struck in the units or cents column in a subtracting operation, then the 9 pin would be unset and no other pin setup on the corresponding rack bar. In order, under such circumstances, to give the units or cents bar an added step movement, a downwardlyprojecting lug 300 is provided on the units or cents bar 78 in a position one step in advance of the 1 pin, whereby the extension or cut-out portion 79 will come into engagement therewith during the forward movethis can be controlled manually.

ment of the general operator in subtracting and advance the units or cents rack bar and the associated dial wheel one step.

In considering the means for driving the general operator it will first be shown'how Y The stoppin 113 is normally held in a,

depressed position by a spring 116, Fig. 4, so that it lies in the path of a lug 117 on a clutch shifter 118. The pin 1 13 normally holds the clutch shifter 118 against the tension of a Vspring 119' in a position such that a friction roller or ball 120 will be in its ineffective position. That is t say, Vthe spring 119 normally tends to throw the friction roller or ball 120 into such a position that Vit will form a clutch connection between a sleeve 121 and a hub 122, by the roller 120 being jammed between the sleeve 121 and the hub 122. For this purpose, the

sleeve 121 is'provided with a cam socket 123, Y

which tapers from a deep portion at one end to a shallow portion at the opposite end.

l/Vhen the roller 120 is in the shallow portion of thesocket 123 as urged by the spring 119, it forms a clutch connection between the sleeve 121 and the hub 122, Fig. 29.

" When it is inthe deep portion of this socket, Y

as determined by the pin V113* obstructing the movement of the shifter 118 under the propulsion of the spring 119, then the sleeve 121 and the hub 122 are freed from connection with each other. This clutch connection forms a means 0f joining the general operator in driving relation with any form of motor, indicated by the electric motor 124. That is to say, the hub 122 is secured to a worm wheel 125, which is driven by a worm 126 mounted onV a shaft 127 which also forms a motor shaft for the motor 124.

The other element of the clutch, to wit, the

sleeve 121, is secured to a shaft 128 (Figs. 26 and 27). which extends loosely through the worm wheel 125 and is provided at its opposite end with a crank'129- carrying a cross head 4130, which lies ina guideway 131 provided in a reciprocating slide 132. HThe slide 132 is provided with an upstanding armV 133, arranged to engage at its head in a socket 134 secured in any suitable manner toy the general operator 75. Y f

It will thus be seen that when the pin l113 is raised from the Fig. 28 position to the At the Fig. 29 position, the spring 119 is free to rotate the clutch shifter 118, so as to bring the friction roller 120 from the deep portion of the socket 123 to thel shallow portion thereof, forming a positive connection between the sleeve 121 and the hub 122, such that' the arm133 will be oscillated bythe rotation of the motor 124, thereby giving the general operator one complete cycle of movements, that isto say, a back and forth sliding motion. Y

The clutch connection, however, is of the single-acting type, so that the general operator will be,l given but one cycle of movements. That is to say, the pin 113 isV returned by the spring 116 to its normal depressed position as soon as pressure is released on the key 105a yorV any other actuated Vpart, so that it once more lies in the path of the lug` 117, whereby when this lug comes around at the completion of a single rotation of the shaft 128 with the worm wheel 125, then the clutch shifter 118 will be held Astationary while the sleeve 121 and the hub 122v travel on slightly to bring theY clutching roller 120 back against the tension of the spring 119, into the deep portion of the socket 123, thereby interrupting the conption between the hub 122 and the sleeve MThe general Operator 75 inaddition to oscillating the pin-bearing rack bars 27 different amounts according to the pins set up thereon, also actuates other'mechanism necessary at vthis time, such as the tens-carrying mechanism indicated in general at 135. This tens-carrying mechanism acts in the usual way Common to the Hanson machine on the return stroke of the general operator and may be driven in any suitable manner from the general operator as by means of gearing indicated in general at 136g.

Inasmuch as it is desirable to return the subtraction key and other connected mechanism to their normal position after a subtracting operation has been completed, use is made of the movement of the general operator, in accumulating a computation, to release theV subtraction' key and permitthe spring 48 to return the Asubtraction key and the subtraction rod 49 to normal position.` F or this purpose, there is provided in one element of the general operator 75, to wit, one of the side bars, a cam socket 136, in which normally rests a cam follower head 137 on a tripping lever 138. l/Vhen the general 'operator starts its forward movement, one of thesides of the socket 136 engages the head 137 and rocks the lever 138, so that one arm 139 thereof engages a pin 140 on an arm 141 of the dog 93 (Figs. 1 and 14). VThe dog 93 is then moved to disengaged position, permitting the spring 48 to return the key 47 and thesubtraction rod 49 to normal ineffective position.

Among other functions the general operator 7 5 on its return stroke restores all ot' the set pins 26 to their normal raised position, so that they will be ready to accumulate a subsequent computation. For this purpose, there is provided on the general operator, a pawl 142 which is pivoted so as to swing idly past an arm 143 on a rock shaft 144 during the forward motion of the general operator. A spring 145, however, returns this pawl 142 toits normal position, so that on the return stroke of the general operator, they pawl 142 will act as a cam and swing the arm 148 upwardly, thereby rockingV the shaft 144 and an arm 146 to engage and raise a pin-,restoring plate 147, which will raise all of the set pins 26. The pin-restoring plate`147 is supported for parallel motion vby means of two pairs of bellcranklevers 148, connected for parallel motion by one or more links 149.

The .pin-restoring plate not lonly returns the set pins 26 but also engages a downwardly-projecting` lug 150 (Fig. 37) on the trigger 83, which provides for an extra step movement of the units or cents computing wheel through the intermediary 0f the supernumerary bar 81, whereby the trigger 83, which if the previous voperation was a subtracting one, will be returned to its normal uppermost position corresponding to the removal of the shoulder 84 from the path of the general operator cross bar 74, whereby the movement of the supernumerary bar 81 will no longer be one step in advance of the general operator cross bar 74.

The pin-restoring plate 147 is also used to correct an error in case the computation has been partially accumulated. For this purn pose,l there is provided an error key 151, which when depressed against the tension of a spring 152, will snap down, through the intermediary of a spring` 153, in a manner well known in the Hanson type of machine, one end of a lever154, which will be raised at its'opposite end to enga e a pin 155 carried by the pin-restoring p ate 147.

Y 1n case a subtracting operation was being carried on, it would be necessary to also return the subtraction key to its normal position, so that in case it should be necessary to repeat the subtracting operation after the error has been eliminated, the subtraction key 47 could be once more actuated to set up the 9 pins and adjust the other mechanism for subtraction. For this purpose, a link 156 is connected at one end by a pinand-slotV connection admitting of a certain amount of lost motion, to one of the bellcranks 148, and at its other end to the arm 141 ofthe locking dog 93 (Fig. i4).

As has been stated above, one of the main objects of this invention is to enable the connecting of the general operator in driven relation with a motorto be accomplished automatically under the control of the carriage by the position thereof, at predetermined points according as each complete number in each of the several cross columns is accumulated. For this purpose, use is made of the stops or tappcts 18, which -in addition to locating the position of the carriage 7 for any desired column or even a letterspace, maj7 or may not be used Vto control the connection of the motor to thegeneral operator.

1f it is desired to connect up the general operator tothe motor at any point in the travel of the carriage, such as subsequent to the accumulation of a number to be computed by a setting-up of the computing pins, and subsequent tothe writing of this number on the work-sheetcarried by the platen, then a stop 18, either of the form shown in Fig. 10 or of the form shown in Fig. 11, will be located Von the rack 19 atsuch point. This tappet or stop 18 during a movement of the carriage in a step-by-step or letter-feeding direction, will engage a trip 157 (Figs. 4 and 6 vto 9 inclusive), so as to depress the end of the same to the position shown in Fig. 8, which trip when depressed at one end will raise at its other end to pull on a link 158, so as to rock a U-shaped bail 159 forming a bell-crank lever and pivotally mounted on a stub shaft 160. The other arm 161 of this bail 159 is connected to a latch 162 slidingly mounted in a slot 163 and limited in its motion by the flange of a screw 164 entering a groove 165 therein. The latch 162 is normally located in the position shown in Fig. 6, projecting above one end of an actuating lever 166 (Fig. 4). When the trip 152 is rocked by one of the tappets 18, it withdraws the latch 162 from its position in the path of the lever 166, so that a spring 167 -connected to this lever isfree to raise the rear end thereof (Fig. 4), so as to force downwardly the yfront end thereof, whereby a pin 168, with which the front end of the lever 166 engages, will be forced down to carry with it a thrust rod 169 on which the pin is mounted.

The rod'169 has a limited vertical movement determined by a pin-and-slot mounting 170, and is forked at its lower end to rest on the tripping lever 111, so that when the thrust rod 169 is depressed at the actuation of the motor trip 157 by one of the tappets 18, the tripping lever 111 will be rocked about its pivot to raise the stop pin 113 out of the path of the projection or lug 117 on the clutch shifter 118, whereby the motor will be connected up in driving relation with the general operator and will give the same one complete cycle ,of movements.

In order that but a single cycle of movements may be given the general operator, the lever 166 is provided with a right-angle extension 171, which, when the lever 166 is 'llO ELO'

rocked by the spring 167 to initiate a driving'of the general operator by the motor, will fall into the path of a cam hump 172 (Fig. 4) on one of the bars of the general operator, whereby when the general operator startsonA its forward motion, the lever 166 will be'returned to its 'normal'positiom permitting the return of the stop pin 113 to its normal position to obstruct a further driving of the general operator by the motor. llhen the lever 166 is returned to its normal position, its rear end will be depressed, so that the latch 162 will be returned to its normal position projecting above the eXtremity of the lever 166, by a spring 173, the trip 157 having in the meantime been freed by the stop or tappet 18, which actuated it, having passed beyond the same during the movement of the carriage 7. It will be seen then that thek trip 157 controls solely the connection of the general operator in driven relation with the motor.

It is a further object of this invention to enable the automatic control of the setting of the machine for subtraction from the carriage durino the travel thereof to correspond with the subtracting operation to be carried on in the different columns determined by the location of the carriage. For this purpose, a second trip 17 4, which may be termed theV subtraction-setting trip, is located ad jacent the path of movement of the rack 19, so as to be engagedby one or more of the tappets 18, whereby it will be rocked to pull up on a link 175. This link is connected at its lower end to rock a bell-crank bail lever 176, which is pivotally mounted on the same shaft 160 on which the bail 159 isA mounted and is located circumjacent the same. The other armof cated at 177, is pivotally connected to a' latch 178, which is slidingly mounted in a guide opening 179 (Fig. 5) and limited in its movement by being provided with a groove 180, which engages the flange 164. The

latch 178 (Figs. 4 and'17 to 25 inclusive) is.y normally located extending through a cam slotjor opening 181 provided in a releaser 182 as in the position shown in Fig. 17.

When the subtraction-setting trip 174 is rocked about its pivot, it Ywithdraws the latch`17 8 from the position shown in Fig.

17 kto the position shown in Fig. 19, so as to permitthe releaser 182 to drop from the position shown in Fig. 17 to the `position shown in Fig. 19, where it rests on the top of one of the side bars of the general operator 75. The releaser 182 is then in a position to drop further to the position shown in Fig. 21 under the traction of its spring 188, on asubsequent forward movement of the general operator 75, as indicated in Fig. 21. Y l

On a return movement of the general the bail lever 176, indi- V operator, the rear end of one of the sidebars 184 thereof will engagea hook shoulder 185 provided on the releaser 182, so as to force the same rearwardly against the tension of the spring 188 to the position shown in Fig. 22, whereby a latch 186 pivotally connected to the releaser 182, at 187, and pivotally mounted at 188, will be swung to the Fig. 22 position, so that a locking shoulder 189 thereonwill be withdrawnffrom the path of movement of a shoulder 190 on a cam 191. The cam 191 is secured rigidly to a shaft 192 (Figs. 4 and 15), to which is also secured one end of anauXiliary spring motor 193, which is normally lunder a tension tendingto rotate the shaft 192 injthe direction ofthe arrow shownv in Fig. 22. Incidentally, the other end of the spring'1 motor 193 is secured to a casing 194, which Vmay be held in any adjusted position to vary the tension on the spring'motor bymeans of one or more set screws 195 mounted onia fixed portion of the frame, which .may engage in any one of a plurality of notches 196 pro# vided in the casing 194. A

It will thus be seen that when the latch 186 is moved to its releasing position, the spring motor 193 will be free to act and'give the shaft 192 a rotation, the extent of which is determined by an arm 197coming into enfY gagement with a fixed stop 198.Y The stopping position ofthe shaft is shown in Fig. 24, while an intermediate position during the rotation of the shaft after having been released as at Fig. 22, is shown in Fig.l 23.

The purpose of rotating the shaft 192 is to draw'the subtraction key47 and its bar 49 rearwardly against the tension of the spring 48, to set the subtraction mechanism. To do this, the shaft 192 has formed thereon, Va spiral cam 199, which is arranged to engage a cam follower or roller 200, 'connected to the subtraction bar 49. It will readilyrbe 'i seen by reference to Fig. 4, that when the shaft 192 rotates, in the direction of the yar-y row shown in Figs. 4, 22 and v2B, it will force the subtraction bar 49 rearwardly from the position shown in Fig..V 4 Vto the position shown in Fig. 14, which latter position is a'lmost at the end of the rotationof the shaft 192, so as to effect the various actions necessary for a subtraction bythe complementary method, such as shifting the rock shafts 39 from their adding-pin-setting position to their subtracting-pin-setting position, and, further, raising all of the pin-bars by the universal frame 69 and setting all ofthe 9 pins when the bars are so raised by the universal frame 72.z j

It will be noted that the cam 199 has an abrupt dip from its highest to its lowest point, which is found necessary in case it should be desired to correct an error by an actuation of the error key 151, so as to pere mit the return of the subtraction key andits 

